This area involves the application of fundamental engineering and modern biochemical and molecular biology techniques to solve problems of high scientific or social impact. Faculty are involved in cellular engineering and biomass conversion to chemicals and fuels.

Cellular engineering involves the analysis of reactions on the surface of the cell with the goal of altering the selectivity of reactions in order to prevent disease. Current research is aimed at understanding the mechanisms of autoimmune disease, glaucoma, and amyloidosis. Several research projects involve the design of artificial tissues or polymer matrices for new tissues to enhance the survival and function of the tissue in vivo.

Another major focus is the conversion of biomass, such as agricultural residue or municipal waste, to animal feed, chemicals, and fuel. Yet another research area is ATP regeneration in energetically unfavorable reactions through use of electrochemical and biochemical reactions.